Saturday, August 28, 2010

Prelude [draft brief as at 28-08-10]

A    k i n d    o f    n o t h i n g n e s s
Lucia Lie _ 224.352 _draft brief


Acknowledging connections between violence, intense identification with community, and irrelevance of history to allow an exploration into the beauty of minute-by-minute personal experience, coincidence and play.


We build, a physical past, constant reminders of events and ideas of which we can never entirely understand.

Robert Bevan, in The Destruction of Memory: Architecture at War refers to Hannah Arendt who has argued, “The reality and reliability of the human world rests primarily on the fact that we are surrounded by things more permanent than the activity by which they were produced”.  

There is an absurdity in the permanence of and identification with site, versus the temporal nature of the actions of people.

On the other hand Bevan quotes, Eric Hobsbaum, who suggests that “History is the new material for nationalist, or ethnic, or fundamentalist ideologies, as poppies are the raw material for heroin addiction…If there is no suitable past it can always be invented, The past legitimises. The past gives a more glorious background to a present that doesn’t have much to show for itself.”.

What then, are we to think of life today if history is exposed as so manipulated and removed from our own realities that it becomes no longer relevant at all?

What does it mean when so many monumental sites serve as reminders of a past reality. What is the obsession with a history and view of the world that places us in a permanent post-mortem?

Bevan links this strong identification between people and a built environment, and identification with community, to expose consequent violence towards the ‘other’ as a reaction to this.

 … The consequence of the intensification of identification with a community also results in its corollary – the definition of those outside the group as ‘the other’, whose ‘otherness’, is commensurately deepened by this intensification. All conflicts, whether clearly ethnic, or economic or expansionist, invoke the notion of the other…It is the emphasis on the differences between those within and those outside the group that leads to the devaluation of outsiders and their material patrimony. This dehumanistion is an essential step towards making it acceptable to dismantle an enemy’s heritage, to maltreat and eventually kill them…

So if we see history as represented by; and if we are connected to history through repetitive ritualistic exposure to; built environment, and identification with environment works as a catalyst to an intensification of identification with community, which consequently leads to the devaluation and therefore potential violence towards ‘others’, we arrive at a point where identification with society breeds a culture of fear and a tendency towards violence. Violence is repressed with an illusion of security, and security (systematic control over society) feeds on a heightened (and therefore, arguably, illusion of a) sense of violence…

In The War on Terrorism and The Terror of God, Lee Griffith introduces a background to common uses of, and attitudes towards, “Apocalypse” (in literature and practice) today. He then refers to the ‘poststructuralist’ school of philosophy, which suggest that we, in a way, are already living in a post apocalyptic world:

“If the world has already ended, how can one respond but in resignation? Of this school of thought Robert Jay Lifton writes,

…We speak of living in an age that is not only post-modern but also post Freudian, post-Marxist, post-communist, post-ideological, post-revolutionary, post-colonial, post-war (whatever the war), post-Cold War, post-historic, post-narrative (in terms of literature), and post-figurative (in terms of art). Within the realm of the post-modern there is talk of what could be the “post-author” and the “post-self”. Although these posts are often meant to serve as springboards for renewals of one sort or another, the terminology nonetheless leaves us in a kind of nothingness, in more or less permanent post-mortem. The world is frequently experienced as already dead, requiring only the clearing of debris”.


There is sense in this acknowledgement of today as frozen in a permanent state of history. Sense that allows us to also to acknowledge the relevance of now, the relevance of our own personal, minute by minute experiences, and open up a world that explores, not the consequences of the past, but the beauty in this very moment.


D e s i g n

Against traditional audience obedience in theatre setting.

Immersive performance

Large-scale installation

Notion of Theatre as ‘free space’

Exploring the notion of a world presented to us as post-happening

To accentuate conversely the relevance of presence – lived personal experience – coincidences and happenings.



References:

Bevan, R. (2006). The Destruction of Memory: Architecture at War. Reaktion books Ltd: London.


Griffith, L. (2002). The War on Terrorism and The Terror of God. William B Eerdmans Publishing Company: Michigan, Cambridge




Bibliography:

Bevan, R. (2006). The Destruction of Memory: Architecture at War. Reaktion books Ltd: London.


Griffith, L. (2002). The War on Terrorism and The Terror of God. William B Eerdmans Publishing Company: Michigan, Cambridge


Koudelka, J. (2008). Invasion Prague. Thames & Hudson: London, Paris.


Mbaine, A.E. (Ed.), (2006). Media in Situations of Conflict: Roles, Challenges and Responsibility. Fountain Publishers: Kampala.


Immersive

Bordering between fiction and reality. 



Images from Signa Sorenson's 57Beds.  
[sourced from www.signa.dk] 




False realities collide with emerging coincidences and consequent realities. Performers in Sorenson's works play out fictional roles, confronting a free-roaming 'audience' with immersive individual experiences through an exploration of the space.

I see these performance works as the nearest physical manifestation of  writings and 'theory' by Echkart Tolle, who asks us to shift above consciousness into awareness. This space of silence becomes a full acceptance of and harmony with our conscious actions and above, still, sub-conscious thought. We become watchers of our 'selves'. We become nothing and everything simultaneously. 

Because Signa Sorenson's work acts in full acceptance of an altered reality yet welcomes or more so, integrates, reality as key, it allows us to question existence, history, and ultimately any event not personally experienced, as potentially an absolute fraud... an unexplainable nonsense.

And in this, I find sense.  







































Post-Saturation









Monday, August 16, 2010

Today

Link to Vieux Colombier website with historical timeline of events... in french...


http://vieux.colombier.free.fr/historique/historique3.shtml

Plan and entrance of The Vieux Colombier today




crazy highlighting, blog won't let me edit last post sorry

Extension: Comparison and Influence for Copeau and The Vieux Colombier




It is interesting to note other commentaries on Copeaus stage design as 'along Elizabethan lines" Lawrence D. Kritzman, Brian J. Reilly and Malcom DeBovoise mention in The Columbia History of Twentieth-Century French Thought (1893): 



"Copeau opposed the machinery of theatre, preferring a bare stage with a fixed mulit-purpose set of levels, platforms and stair, along Elizabethan lines, that avoided realism. He favoured the classics and presented them in spare, restrained stagings destined to bring out the life of the dramatic text. The staging needed to function of the text rather than of some outside ideology like realism or symbolism, and the instrument of that text was, first and foremost, the actor. ..
…Copeau was..,drawn to the Elizabethan theatre; he stressed the text, the actors, and the uncluttered stage. He has his company work on diction and breathingm and on the sense as the best guide for constructing characters from the inside."



Where, conversely, Thomas Largue (in giving a lecture in 2001 on Elizabethan theatre at BTEC http://shakespearean.org.uk/elizthea1.htm ), suggests that this assumption of the Elizabethan stage as what we would call 'minimalist', is misguided, and that even though 

"The Elizabethans did not use fixed scenery or painted backdrops of the sort that became popular in the Victorian period... those who claim that the Elizabethans performed on a completely bare stage are wrong. A wide variety of furniture and props were brought onstage to set the scene as necessary - ranging from simple beds, tables, chairs and thrones to whole trees, grassy banks, prop dragons, an unpleasant looking cave to represent the mouth of hell, and so forth. Such props often played a major part in the play..."

What can be assured, however, is Copeau's dedication to the text as most important to the theatre production.

There does not seem to be much information with regards to the relationship of the Audience and the performers themselves other than that of the role as 'spectator'. 


Adolphe Appia




Sketch by Adolphe Appia for the set of a Wagnerian drama


notice the similarity to Copeau's stage design in The Viuex Colombier


In Die Musik und die Inszenierung (1899; “Music and Staging”), Appia established a hierarchy of ideas for achieving his aims:



(1) a three-dimensional setting rather than a flat, dead, painted backdrop as a proper background to display the movement of the living actors;



(2) lighting that unifies actors and setting into an artistic whole, evoking an emotional response from the audience;



(3) the interpretive value of mobile and colorful lighting, as a visual counterpart of the music;



(4) lighting that spotlights the actors and highlights areas of action. Appia designed sets in Germany, France, Italy, and Switzerland. He also designed sets for La Scala opera house in Milan and for the opera house at Basel.

Adolphe Appia(1862-1928) 
a Visionary of Modern Stage Lighting http://www.stage-lighting-museum.com/museum/html/history-5/appia.html






REFERENCES:


A Lecture on
Elizabethan Theatre By Thomas Larque.

(A lecture originally given to BTEC in Performing Arts students
 as part of their course in 2001)




Return to man: Jacques Copeau and the actor
Author: Vincent L. Angottia
Published in:  Communication Studies, Volume 24, Issue 3 Autumn 1973 , pages 151 - 157

Previously published as: Central States Speech Journal (0008-9575) until 1989





Theatre Research International (New Series) (1977), 2: 221-229 Cambridge University Press 






Adolphe Appia(1862-1928) 
a Visionary of Modern Stage Lighting
http://www.stage-lighting-museum.com/museum/html/history-5/appia.html







 

Jacques Copeau and The Vieux Colombier

True art, not simply entertainment

Against the commercial theatre of the Boulevard, Copeau pushed an anti-naturalistic move away from realist theatre and towards an authentic poetic interpretation of life.


Jacques Copeau


The Vieux Colombier reflects Copeau's stance of the organisation of theatre and the relative importance with regards to set design versus the importance of the actor.

The performer, seen as key, and the stage seen as minimal, solid and durable. Albert M. Katz (1967) describes this, 

"Copeau sought an "austere nudity" in stage design, what could suggest rather than depict a locale; what would 'speak to the imagination an spirit rather than the senses'". 


It was Coppeau's belief that the stage should not try to mimic that which it were to represent (as done in realist theatre), but to imply or suggest (and therefore trigger imagination of) the scene through considered lighting and a marrying of the performers' gestures and vocal expressions.

Copeau was influenced by Adolphe Appia, of whom he shared opinion that theatre should be predominantly about the performer and the spatial setting: Light, intensity, colour and manipulation alongside bodily movement and spatial organisation. 

Jaques Dalcroze founded an interest in Copeau in Eurythmics - the practice and emphasis of bodily training of the actors to align gestural control with vocal delivery. Copeau has been quoted speaking in relation to the Ecole du Vieux-Colombier (The performance school started and sited at The Vieux Du Colombier): 

“I have been training the boys and girls, starting with them at the age of fifteen. Their first training is gymnastics and Dalcroze’s eurythmics, practiced assiduously." (Katz 1967, citing Willis Steele 1917).

However, if the space were to need any extra indication of a space or space, it may be done with simple drapery,  tapestry or other simple but suggestive property. Romagnoli Richard V (1980) describes:

“The internal architecture of the theatre reflected the concepts Copeau had absorbed from Appia…Copeau created a new impression of the stage and house by continuing the architectural design of the auditorium beyond the foot of the stage, which included three broad partition portions of steps, and extending it to include the entire stage area. Outstage were platforms, stairs, various entrances and one exit, all made of concrete or wood. This permanent architectural façade was basically devoid of any specific historical period or place, adapting well to either interior or exterior scenes. In addition to the permanent façade, that which was not scenically suggested by light was indicated by an occasional drape, tapestry, or other simple but suggestive property…… he sought austere nudity in stage design, what would suggest rather than depict a locale, which would speak to the imagination and spirit rather than the senses…” (Romagnoli, 1980,  The young vics: the development of a popular theatrical tradition.)



(There are criticisms of the Vieux Colombier which suggest that Copeau limited himself by only provided one entry/exit to the stage. )

By removing potential hindrances to the imagination of the audience through any realistic representation of space and place within the set, the actors create richness from the text and from action and relationship to one another. In training his actors Copeau employed improvisation as a tool to enable the students to find a persona that belonged to them, a space where the performers would become themselves in true ownership of the moment and in personal connection with the text or scene played. 


The Theatre:

  • The Vieux Colombier opened in 1913 on the Left Bank of the Siene in Paris.
  • At it’s peak in 1914 the theatre was forced to close down.  
  • 1917 the French governement sent copeau to NY to establish a French speaking theatre.   
  • Late in 1919 the Vieux colombier found its new home in an old theatre redesigned by Louis Jouvet and Copeau




 Paris: a poster aimed at a literate audience announcing Copeau's appeal to the youth to reject the commercial theater.









REFERENCES:

 Smith, Maxwell 
          The Vieux Colombier and the Contemporary French Theater
 
           The Modern Language Journal, Vol. 9, No. 8 (May, 1925), pp. 503-510
          Published by: Blackwell Publishing on behalf of the                                                   National Federation of Modern         Language Teachers Associations


Katz, Albert M.
           The Genesis of the Vieux Colombier: The Aesthetic Background of Jacques Copeau

           Educational Theatre Journal, Vol. 19, No. 4 (Dec., 1967), pp. 433-446
            Published by: The Johns Hopkins University Press


Romagnoli, Richard V.
            THE YOUNG VICS: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A POPULAR THEATRICAL     TRADITION
          University Micofilms International 
          1980





ok i get it now

check check